chiaroscuro
(1681)
Meaning 'bright/ dark', this term was first used by the Italian art historian FILIPPO BALDINUCCI (c. 1624-1696) to describe paintings which rely on the dramatic effects of contrasting light and shadow in their composition.
The foremost exponents of this style were MICHEL ANGELO MERISI CARAVAGGIO (1569-1609) and REMBRANDT (1606-1669).
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