camera lucida
(1674)
An optical instrument invented by English physicist and inventor Robert Hooke (1635-1703) in about 1674.
In 1807 the English chemist and natural philosopher William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828) developed one of benefit to artists, comprising a four-sided prism of glass with one angle of 90° opposite another of 135° and the remaining two at 67.5°.
Such instruments were chiefly used for copying or reducing drawings, particularly by 19th-century landscape artists.
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